Home / Prices / Fundus Fluorescein Angiography

Fundus Fluorescein Angiography

Eye Care estimated about CNY 600-1200

Disclaimer: This site is a medical service platform; some page content is AI-assisted. Health-related information does not constitute medical advice. If you have any questions, please consult a healthcare professional. See full disclaimer

Description

A diagnostic imaging technique using intravenous fluorescein dye to visualize retinal and choroidal vasculature, assess blood flow, detect leaks, blockages, or abnormal vessels in the posterior segment of the eye.

Main Uses

FFA is primarily used to evaluate retinal and choroidal vascular anatomy and pathology. Key clinical applications include: diagnosing and staging diabetic retinopathy (identifying ischemia, neovascularization, macular edema); detecting choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in age-related macular degeneration; assessing retinal vascular occlusions (artery/vein); evaluating inflammatory conditions (e.g., posterior uveitis, sarcoidosis); guiding laser photocoagulation or anti-VEGF therapy planning; monitoring treatment response; and differentiating optic nerve head anomalies (e.g., papilledema vs. optic disc drusen).

Normal Range

FFA is a qualitative, dynamic imaging test—not a quantitative assay—so it has no numerical 'normal range' or standardized reference values. Normal findings include: (1) uniform, rapid filling of retinal arteries within 10–12 seconds after injection; (2) complete venous filling by 15–18 seconds; (3) no leakage, staining, or blockage of vessels; (4) intact foveal avascular zone (FAZ); (5) absence of abnormal neovascularization or hyperfluorescence. Timing and morphology are assessed visually by trained ophthalmologists using standardized angiographic phases (arm-to-retina time, arterial, capillary, venous, late phases).

Low Values - Possible Causes

Low or absent fluorescence in FFA is not due to 'low values' but reflects hypofluorescence—caused by: (1) vascular occlusion (e.g., central/branch retinal artery occlusion); (2) capillary non-perfusion (e.g., in diabetic retinopathy or retinal vein occlusion); (3) pigment or hemorrhage blocking fluorescence (e.g., subretinal hemorrhage, dense drusen, RPE hyperplasia); (4) choroidal hypoperfusion (e.g., in severe hypertension or vasospasm); (5) technical factors (e.g., under-dosing of dye, poor image acquisition, or patient motion).

High Values - Possible Causes

Hyperfluorescence in FFA—appearing as abnormally increased or persistent fluorescence—is caused by: (1) leakage from damaged retinal/choroidal vessels (e.g., diabetic macular edema, uveitis); (2) pooling of dye in fluid-filled spaces (e.g., serous retinal detachment, cystoid macular edema); (3) staining of tissues with retained dye (e.g., optic disc edema, drusen, chronic CNV); (4) abnormal neovascularization (e.g., proliferative diabetic retinopathy, wet AMD); (5) window defects due to RPE atrophy (e.g., geographic atrophy in age-related macular degeneration).

fundus fluorescein angiography retinal vascular imaging diabetic retinopathy diagnosis

estimated about CNY 600-1200