Goldmann applanation tonometry
Eye Care
estimated about CNY 80-180
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Description
A standard ophthalmic procedure using a calibrated prism to measure intraocular pressure by determining the force required to flatten a fixed area of the cornea.
Main Uses
Goldmann applanation tonometry is the clinical gold standard for measuring intraocular pressure (IOP); it is primarily used for glaucoma screening, diagnosis, and longitudinal monitoring; essential preoperatively (e.g., before cataract or refractive surgery), postoperatively (e.g., after glaucoma filtration surgery), and in evaluating suspected ocular hypertension or secondary IOP elevation due to trauma, inflammation, or medication use.
Normal Range
Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT) normal intraocular pressure (IOP) range is 10–21 mmHg in adults; values below 10 mmHg are considered low, and above 21 mmHg are considered elevated. Diurnal variation of ±3 mmHg is typical, with peak IOP often occurring in the early morning (6–8 AM).
Low Values - Possible Causes
Hypotony (IOP < 5 mmHg) may result from: 1) Post-surgical complications (e.g., bleb leak after trabeculectomy or wound leak after cataract surgery), 2) Chronic uveitis with ciliary body atrophy or hyposecretion, 3) Retinal detachment causing reduced aqueous production or increased outflow, 4) Ocular trauma with cyclodialysis cleft, 5) Advanced glaucoma surgery failure or overfiltration.
High Values - Possible Causes
Elevated IOP (>21 mmHg) may be caused by: 1) Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), 2) Angle-closure glaucoma (acute or chronic), 3) Steroid-induced ocular hypertension, 4) Pseudoexfoliative or pigmentary glaucoma, 5) Secondary causes such as intraocular inflammation (uveitis), hyphema, or vitreous hemorrhage obstructing aqueous outflow.
estimated about CNY 80-180
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