Question 1

[Department of Dermatology and Venereology] Can intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy remove acne scars?

Accepted Answer

Photorejuvenation, commonly referred to as intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy, can be effective in improving the appearance of certain types of acne scars—particularly post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation (PIH) and erythema (redness). IPL works by delivering broad-spectrum light energy that targets melanin in pigmented lesions and hemoglobin in dilated blood vessels. As a result, it helps fade brown discoloration left behind after acne resolves and reduces persistent redness associated with inflammatory acne.

However, IPL is not effective for atrophic (indented) or hypertrophic (raised) acne scars, which involve structural changes in the dermis and require different modalities—such as fractional laser resurfacing, microneedling, or subcision. Additionally, outcomes vary significantly based on skin phototype: patients with lighter skin tones (Fitzpatrick I–III) typically achieve better results and lower risk of complications, whereas those with darker skin (Fitzpatrick IV–VI) face highe

Question 2

What foods are best for increasing breast milk production?

Accepted Answer

Breast milk production is primarily regulated by hormonal signals—especially prolactin and oxytocin—and is strongly influenced by the frequency and effectiveness of infant suckling or breast pumping. While no specific food “creates” breast milk, certain nutrient-dense foods may support optimal lactation by helping maintain maternal hydration, energy balance, and overall nutritional status. Evidence-based dietary strategies include prioritizing adequate caloric intake (an additional 330–400 kcal/

Question 3

What is pseudo-impotence and what causes it?

Accepted Answer

“Pseudo-impotence” (or “pseudo-erectile dysfunction”) is not a formal medical diagnosis but rather an informal term sometimes used to describe situations where a man experiences transient or situational difficulty achieving or maintaining an erection—despite having intact organic erectile function. In other words, the underlying physiological capacity for erection remains normal; the issue stems primarily from reversible psychological, behavioral, environmental, or contextual factors—not from st

Question 4

Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG weakly positive

Accepted Answer

A weakly positive IgG antibody test for Chlamydia pneumoniae indicates the presence of low-titer antibodies against this respiratory pathogen. IgG antibodies typically develop several weeks after initial infection and persist for months to years, reflecting either a past infection, remote exposure, or sometimes a subclinical or resolving infection. Importantly, a weakly positive result alone does not confirm an active or acute infection—especially in the absence of compatible clinical symptoms s

Question 5

What causes pneumonia?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia is an infection that inflames the air sacs—known as alveoli—in one or both lungs. It can be caused by a wide range of infectious agents, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and, less commonly, certain parasites or non-infectious triggers such as aspiration of gastric contents or exposure to chemical irritants.

Bacterial pneumonia is most frequently caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae, though other pathogens like Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Legionella pneumophila, and

Question 6

Does a neck hemangioma require surgery?

Accepted Answer

Whether a neck hemangioma requires surgical intervention depends on several clinical factors, including its size, location, growth pattern, symptoms, and potential for complications. Hemangiomas are benign vascular tumors composed of proliferating endothelial cells; in infants, they often follow a characteristic course of rapid proliferation during the first 6–12 months of life, followed by gradual involution over several years.

Most small, asymptomatic hemangiomas—especially those confined to

Question 7

How can pneumonia with pleural effusion be treated effectively for a quick recovery?

Accepted Answer

Pneumonia with pleural effusion—commonly referred to as “lung water” in lay terms—is a serious clinical condition requiring prompt, evidence-based management. The treatment approach depends on the underlying cause (e.g., bacterial, viral, fungal, or atypical infection), the size and characteristics of the effusion, and the patient’s overall clinical status.

First-line therapy for bacterial pneumonia with associated parapneumonic effusion includes empiric intravenous antibiotics targeting likely

[Department of Dermatology and Venereology] Can intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy remove acne scars?

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[Department of Dermatology and Venereology] Can intense pulsed light (IPL) therapy remove acne scars?

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Related Questions

What foods are best for increasing breast milk production?

What is pseudo-impotence and what causes it?

Chlamydia pneumoniae IgG weakly positive

What causes pneumonia?

Does a neck hemangioma require surgery?

How can pneumonia with pleural effusion be treated effectively for a quick recovery?

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