What Are the Risks of Laser Vision Correction for Myopia?

Laser vision correction, such as LASIK and SMILE, is a well-established and generally safe procedure for correcting myopia (nearsightedness). However, like any surgical intervention, it carries potential risks and complications—most of which are rare and transient.

Common short-term side effects include dry eyes, glare, halos around lights (especially at night), and mild fluctuation in visual acuity during the first few weeks postoperatively. These typically resolve spontaneously or with supportive treatment, such as lubricating eye drops or temporary use of anti-inflammatory agents.

Less common but more clinically significant complications include undercorrection or overcorrection requiring enhancement surgery, induced astigmatism, corneal ectasia (a progressive thinning and bulging of the cornea), and persistent dry eye syndrome. Corneal ectasia remains one of the most serious long-term risks, particularly in patients with preexisting risk factors such as borderline corneal thickness, abnormal topography, or undiagnosed keratoconus.

Patient selection is critical to minimizing risk. Comprehensive preoperative evaluation—including corneal topography, pachymetry, wavefront analysis, and assessment of tear film stability—is essential to identify contraindications and ensure suitability for laser refractive surgery.

While the vast majority of patients achieve excellent visual outcomes and high satisfaction rates, realistic expectations and thorough informed consent—including discussion of both benefits and potential complications—are integral components of responsible care.