How to Treat Cradle Cap in Newborns

Neonatal seborrheic dermatitis—commonly referred to as “cradle cap” in English-speaking countries—is a benign, self-limiting inflammatory skin condition frequently observed in infants during the first few months of life. It typically presents as greasy, yellowish, scaly plaques on the scalp, though it may also involve the eyebrows, eyelids, nasolabial folds, and postauricular areas.

The exact pathophysiology remains incompletely understood but is thought to involve a combination of factors: maternal hormone–driven sebaceous gland hyperactivity, colonization by the lipophilic yeast *Malassezia* species, and immature cutaneous immune regulation. Importantly, it is neither infectious nor related to poor hygiene, and it does not reflect allergic or atopic predisposition.

Management is primarily supportive and conservative. First-line intervention includes gentle daily cleansing with mild, fragrance-free baby shampoo and soft brushing with a fine-toothed comb to loosen scales. For thicker, adherent plaques, application of mineral oil or petroleum jelly for 15–20 minutes prior to washing can aid desquamation. In persistent or more extensive cases—particularly when involving intertriginous areas—low-potency topical corticosteroids (e.g., 1% hydrocortisone ointment applied once daily for ≤7 days) or antifungal agents (e.g., ketoconazole 2% cream applied twice weekly) may be considered under pediatric dermatologic guidance.

Parents should be reassured that cradle cap is harmless, rarely pruritic, and almost always resolves spontaneously by 6–12 months of age without sequelae. Referral to a pediatric dermatologist is warranted if lesions become erythematous, exudative, or spread beyond typical distribution—features that may suggest alternative diagnoses such as atopic dermatitis, psoriasis, or fungal infection requiring further evaluation.