Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder characterized by elevated serum prolactin levels, often leading to menstrual disturbances, galactorr...
#endocrinology
27 articles
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum calcium levels—typically exceeding 10.5 mg/dL—resulting from dysregulation in ca...
Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally low serum calcium levels—typically below 8.5 mg/dL (2.12 mmol/L)—which disrupts neuro...
Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum phosphate levels (>1.45 mmol/L in adults), commonly arising from chronic kid...
Hypophosphatemia
Hypophosphatemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally low serum phosphate levels (......
Hypernatremia
Hypernatremia is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte disorder characterized by serum sodium concentration exceeding 145 mmol/L, typically resul...
Thyroid nodule
Thyroid nodules are discrete, abnormal growths within the thyroid gland—commonly detected incidentally during neck ultrasound or physical examination....
Graves' disease
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by hyperthyroidism due to autoantibodies—specifically thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI...
Subacute thyroiditis
Subacute thyroiditis (SAT), also known as de Quervain’s thyroiditis, is a self-limiting inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland typically triggered...
Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary adenomas are benign, slow-growing neoplasms arising from the anterior pituitary gland. Though non-metastatic, they can cause significant mor...
Primary aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism (PA), also known as Conn’s syndrome, is a common and potentially curable cause of secondary hypertension, characterized by exces...
Hyperparathyroidism
Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from one or more parathy...