Hyperprolactinemia
Hyperprolactinemia is a common endocrine disorder characterized by abnormally elevated levels of prolactin (PRL) in the bloodstream. Prolactin, a pept...
#endocrinology
27 articles
Hypercalcemia
Hypercalcemia is a common endocrine disorder characterized by elevated serum calcium concentration—typically defined as total serum calcium >10.5 mg/d...
Hypocalcemia
Hypocalcemia is a common endocrine disorder characterized by abnormally low serum calcium concentration—typically defined as total serum calcium ......
Hyperphosphatemia
Hyperphosphatemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated serum phosphate levels (>4.5 mg/dL or >1.45 mmol/L in adults), commonly encountere...
Hypophosphatemia
Hypophosphatemia is a metabolic disorder characterized by abnormally low serum phosphate concentration—typically defined as a level below 2.5 mg/dL (0...
Hypernatremia
Hypernatremia is a potentially life-threatening electrolyte disorder characterized by an elevated serum sodium concentration exceeding 145 mmol/L. It ...
Thyroid nodule
A thyroid nodule is a discrete lesion within the thyroid gland that is radiologically distinct from surrounding thyroid tissue. These nodules may be s...
Graves' disease
Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder of the endocrine system characterized by overactivity of the thyroid gland (hyperthyroidism), resulting from...
Subacute thyroiditis
Subacute thyroiditis, also known as de Quervain’s thyroiditis, is a self-limiting inflammatory disorder of the thyroid gland characterized by neck pai...
Pituitary adenoma
Pituitary adenoma is a benign, slow-growing tumor arising from the anterior pituitary gland — a pea-sized endocrine organ located at the base of the b...
Primary aldosteronism
Primary aldosteronism (PA), also known as Conn’s syndrome, is a common and potentially curable form of secondary hypertension caused by autonomous ove...
Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism is an endocrine disorder characterized by excessive secretion of parathyroid hormone (PTH) from one or more of the four parathyroi...