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Routine Urinalysis

Health Checkups estimated about CNY 200-500 (estimated about USD 30-70) 30 min

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Description

A routine urinalysis screens for kidney disease, urinary tract infections, and diabetes-related changes; patients in China often arrange this test through ChinaMedicalHub’s hospital booking support for ¥200–500.

Main Uses

Urinalysis is a foundational screening and diagnostic tool used to assess kidney function, detect urinary tract infections, monitor chronic conditions (e.g., diabetes, hypertension), and evaluate systemic diseases (e.g., lupus nephritis, multiple myeloma). Clinically, it helps identify asymptomatic abnormalities—such as microhematuria or微量 proteinuria—often preceding overt renal disease. Abnormal findings guide further testing: persistent proteinuria warrants quantification (e.g., urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio); positive nitrites + leukocyte esterase supports empirical antibiotic treatment for UTI; dysmorphic RBCs or RBC casts suggest glomerular origin. Patients commonly search for 'urine test normal values', 'what does high protein in urine mean', 'causes of blood in urine', 'urinalysis for kidney health', and 'how to prepare for urine test'—all addressed through standardized interpretation and clinical correlation. Applicable groups include adults undergoing routine health checks, patients with diabetes or hypertension, individuals with urinary symptoms (dysuria, frequency, flank pain), and preoperative or visa-mandated medical screenings.

Normal Range

Urine routine examination (urinalysis) includes physical, chemical, and microscopic parameters. Normal values: color—pale yellow to amber; clarity—clear; pH—4.5–8.0 (typically 5.0–6.0); specific gravity—1.003–1.030; protein—negative or trace (<15 mg/dL); glucose—negative; ketones—negative; bilirubin—negative; urobilinogen—0.1–1.0 EU/dL; nitrites—negative; leukocyte esterase—negative; red blood cells (RBCs)—0–3/HPF (male), 0–5/HPF (female); white blood cells (WBCs)—0–5/HPF; epithelial cells—few; casts—0–1/LPF (hyaline only); crystals—occasional; bacteria—none or rare.

Low Values - Possible Causes

Low specific gravity may indicate diabetes insipidus, chronic renal failure, or excessive fluid intake. Low urobilinogen may suggest biliary obstruction or hepatic dysfunction. Absent or low WBCs/RBCs in context of suspected infection or hematuria may reflect improper sample collection, dilution, or timing (e.g., early-stage disease). Low pH (acidic urine) can result from metabolic acidosis, high-protein diet, or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.

High Values - Possible Causes

Elevated protein (proteinuria) may indicate glomerulonephritis, diabetic nephropathy, or hypertension-related kidney damage. High RBCs (hematuria) suggest urinary tract infection (UTI), kidney stones, glomerulonephritis, or malignancy. Increased WBCs (pyuria) commonly reflects UTI, cystitis, or pyelonephritis. Elevated nitrites or leukocyte esterase strongly indicate bacterial UTI. High specific gravity may occur in dehydration, glycosuria, or contrast dye administration.